The papers largely concern physical education, including anthropometry, isometrics, physical fitness, reconditioning, and sports medicine. Institutions include YMCAs, the military, and many of the schools where McCloy studied or taught, including Marietta College, Yankton College, Columbia University Teachers College, and the University of Iowa. There are surveys of Tuskegee University and YMCAs in Brooklyn, Queens, and Pittsburgh. Drafts or copies of many McCloy articles and speeches are present in English and translations into French, German, Portuguese, Slovenian, Spanish, and Turkish. Some other materials are in Chinese. Bibliographies are of works on physical education by McCloy and others in various languages. There are curricular materials and lecture notes from Teachers College, Columbia University.

The correspondence (bulk 1953-1959) is divided into 'correspondence' and 'foreign correspondence' series, although the two overlap. There is some correspondence in other folders and there are bibliographies included with correspondence. References to the Japanese mission, as an example, are scattered and not found only in the folder with that name (Box 5, folder 6). Correspondence on the Argentine trip (Box 1, folder 10) is also found in "Letters about trips abroad" (Box 5, folder 8). Some later correspondence concerns McCloy's own health.

Correspondents include Charles A. Bucher, Edward K. Capen (his son-in-law), H. Harrison Clarke, Virginia C. Gildersleeve, John A. Hannah, Ernst Jokl, Walter F. Loehwing, King McCristal, Roswell D. Merrick, Henry J. Montoye, Howard A. Rusk, Fred Schwengel, Seward C. Staley, Arthur H. Steinhaus, George D. Stoddard, Maxwell D. Taylor, Carl A. Troester, Paul Dudley White, Joseph B. Wolffe, and McCloy's children.

The Charles H. McCloy Papers consist of bibliographies, correspondence, lecture notes, publications, speeches, subject folders, surveys, and related materials, and were earlier cataloged in NUCMC 62-4031.