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Esther Bacon papers

 Collection
Identifier: IWA1292

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Scope and Contents

The Esther Bacon papers date from 1936 to 1994 and measure 17.5 linear inches (4 boxes). The papers are arranged in four series: Biographical, Correspondence, Liberia, and Photographs.

The Biographical series contains mainly obituaries and posthumous works about her. These include newspaper clippings about her death, obituaries, services from multiple churches that she was involved in, letters from the United Lutheran Board of Foreign Missions to Nora Leander, and letters of condolence. The biography “Outlaw for God: The Esther Bacon story” is also housed here. Along with posthumous works there are some contemporary items such as her diplomas from Morningside College, Johns Hopkins University, and the Kentucky State Board of Health, newspaper clippings when she left for Liberia, and mailings from the Lutheran Hospital School of Nursing.

The Correspondence series consists primarily of letters from Bacon to her aunt Nora Leander. Most are from Bacon’s time in Africa, but some are from travels in the United States while she was on leave. There are also two work letters, one discussing Bacon’s request to return to Zorzor and the other requesting passage to the Republic of Guinea under the condition that the two missionaries remain unmolested while working in the neighboring country.

The Liberia series covers Bacon’s time as a missionary and articles about the country that Nora Leander collected. Bacon’s works include her health surveys when she returned to the United States on leave, a report about Zorzor hospital with collected images, and daily reports by Bacon. There are many magazines included that range from pieces published by the Liberian government about the country to articles about the country by other publishers. A large group of articles mention Bacon or feature her prominently. There is a copy of Reader’s Digest that explains Lassa Fever, the disease that killed Bacon. There are several charcoal sketches by Betty Stull, a fellow missionary at Zorzor, of the people and places around the mission.

The Photographs series includes many photographs that Bacon took while in Liberia. These range from pictures of people and places to medical practices. There are also photographs of her graduating class the Lutheran General Hospital. Many of the photographs are in an album compiled by Nora Leander. These cover Bacon’s younger years and her time in Liberia. Some of the photographs from Bacon’s work as a missionary are explicit medical material that include graphic visuals of ailments she encountered.

Dates

  • Creation: 1936-1994

Creator

Conditions Governing Access

The papers are open for research.

Conditions Governing Use

Copyright held by the donor has been transferred to the University of Iowa/has been retained by the donor.

However, copyright status for some collection materials may be unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owner. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility and potential liability based on copyright infringement for any use rests exclusively and solely with the user. Users must properly acknowledge the Iowa Women’s Archives, The University of Iowa Libraries, as the source of the material. For further information, visit https://www.lib.uiowa.edu/sc/services/rights/

Biographical / Historical

Esther Bacon was born in Burlington, Colorado in 1916 to Anna and Alva Bacon. When she was five, Anna and Bacon moved to Sioux City, Iowa to be closer to Anna’s sister Nora Leander. While there she became a dedicated member of the Christian Missionary Alliance Church. She decided to attend the Lutheran Hospital School of Nursing to pursuing a career in nursing. After graduating in 1937, she worked multiple nursing jobs in Iowa over two years. Anna Bacon died in 1939 of pneumonia, leaving Esther Bacon in the hands of Nora Leander. Bacon decided to make her own way in the world rather than be a burden on her aunt by becoming a missionary nurse for the United Lutheran Board of Foreign Missions. The Board intended to send her to China as nurses were in high demand there. Then the Japanese invaded China making travel there impossible. In May of 1941 Bacon was given a position in India, which also became impossible to get to. Five months later she received a new posting in Zorzor, Liberia. After three weeks of dodging German U-Boats in the Atlantic, Bacon finally arrived in Liberia only to learn that the doctor at Zorzor had been drafted into the United States military and was headed back to North America. She made the five day trek from the coast to Zorzor with five other missionaries, none of whom had medical training. For the next three months she would be the only medical staff member at the Zorzor mission. Bacon’s specialty was in prenatal and postpartum care, which were a rare occurrence at the mission clinic as the local tribes did not trust the missionaries with anything but the most extreme cases. After about a year and many visits to local rural towns to talk about what the doctors did at Zorzor, Bacon finally was called out to help a woman dying after a stillbirth. She was able to save the woman’s life. Then more and more calls for aid from Bacon came to the clinic. By the late 1960’s Bacon had made a name for herself in Liberia and throughout the Lutheran missionary organization. She had founded a school for nursing at Zorzor to train local women and men instead of relying on people from the United States. On average she had nearly nine-hundred women come to her clinic every year for help with maternity issues. She had been given the name Bayka, the local translation of Bacon’s surname, and had delivered over 20,000 children. In 1972 a woman came to clinic pregnant and ill with a hemorrhagic fever. Bacon took the case and managed to save both the woman and child. Three days later Bacon collapsed with a high fever and was sent to the larger hospital in Phebe. Two days later she died after just having been diagnosed with Lassa fever, a hemorrhagic disease that can only be treated by an antibody transfusion from a survivor. She was buried outside the maternity ward she worked at for thirty years.

Extent

17.5 linear inches

Language of Materials

English

Abstract

Missionary nurse and midwife to Zorzor, Liberia from Sioux City, Iowa.

Immediate Source of Acquisition

The papers (donor no. 1556) were donated by Ann Prekker in 2018.

Related Materials

Outlaw for God: the story of Esther Bacon by J. Birney Dibble. Iowa Women’s Archives Collection (R722.32.B33 D53 1992)

Author
Avery Porter, 2021.
Language of description
English
Script of description
Latin

Repository Details

Part of the Iowa Women's Archives Repository

Contact:
100 Main Library
University of Iowa Libraries
Iowa City IA 52242 IaU
319-335-5068
319-335-5900 (Fax)