Scope and Contents Underground In contemporary society this is a wider concept applied to social stratification. It usually refers to groups less educated and less classified than the civil majority and their mainstream establishments, which function 'beneath' or independently of the latter. Related words include 'parallel or alternative societies/layers', 'second publicity', 'resistance', 'opposition', 'subculture', etc. Henceforth I shall mostly refer to the artistic underground, which I understand, on the one hand, as artistic community which is excluded from art organizations and the art business and hence is often relegated to social insecurity, and, on the other, as the artistically interested layers of intellectuals, students or sympathizers In special cases (such as in an era of political repression) professional artists may also belong to the artistic underground. Another frequent occurrence has been that representatives of the art establishment freely choose to move towards the underground,...