John Walters contributes a lengthy, well illustrated essay, "Sound, code, image," that describes visual musical scores that composers use to liberate their sound from its five-line grid. He claims these scores are graphic designs of music. Steven Heller traces the history of picture magazines from German, Russian, Dutch and finally the American Life magazine. He notes that these visual narratives succeeded until the advent of television. Julia Thrift describes the radical magazines published for political purposes on duplicators, copy machines and now on the internet in her essay, "Do-it-yourself." -- Source of annotation: Marvin or Ruth Sackner.