curry traces the development of concrete and visual poetry in Toronto for an essay in Cross-Canada Writers' Quarterly Vol.9 No.3-4, 1987, a periodical held by the Sackner Archive. He lists Earle Birney's book entitled pnomes jukollages and other stunzas 1969, as the first concrete poetry by a main stream Canadian poet. He comments that bp Nichol's 1st book, Cycles etc., 7 Flowers Press, were chant structures that relied heavily on visual sonic similarities between words. -- Source of annotation: Marvin or Ruth Sackner.