Designated Studies in Concrete Poetry No.4 and is a reprinting of the lecture delivered by Cobbing at the Text as Figure exhibition in Wolfenbuttel 1987 with the following topics: 1) typewriter dirty clean, 2) typewriter, 3) calligraphy hand writing drawn letters, 4) press-on lettering, 5) press-on letters & other means, 6) mimeo misuse, 7) found materials, 8) more found materials, 9) photo-copying, 10) photo-copier, 11) computer, and 12) back to the beginning. The 69 examples in this book include mostly Cobbing's poems but a few examples of other poets as well. -- Source of annotation: Marvin or Ruth Sackner.